USMZ50TT-20-100150 - TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 150 mils length - Low return loss optimised up to 50GHz, Z50 50 ohm impedance microstrip transmission lines on 20 mils Al2O3 alumina ceramic substrate manufactured by US Microwaves
USMZ50TT-20-100150,50 ohm impedance microstrip transmission lines,50 ohm microstrip transmission lines,microstrip transmission lines,transmission lines,50 ohm microstrip,50 ohm transmission line,50 ohm lines,microstrip,transission line,S parameters,Low return loss,50 ohm impedance,alumina,ceramic,microwave,system on chip,chip and wire,hybrid circuit
USMZ50TT-20-100150 - TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils
width, 150 mils length - Low return loss optimised up to 50GHz, Z50 50 ohm impedance microstrip transmission lines on
20 mils Al2O3 alumina ceramic substrate manufactured by US Microwaves USMZ50TT-20-100150,50 ohm impedance microstrip
transmission lines,50 ohm microstrip transmission lines,microstrip transmission lines,transmission lines,50 ohm
microstrip,50 ohm transmission line,50 ohm lines,microstrip,transission line,S parameters,Low return loss,50 ohm
impedance,alumina,ceramic,microwave,system on chip,chip and wire,hybrid circuit USMZ50TT-20-100100 - TUNABLE 2T Z50
50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 100 mils length - Low return loss
optimised up to 50GHz, Z50 50 ohm impedance microstrip transmission lines on 20 mils Al2O3 alumina ceramic substrate
manufactured by US Microwaves USMZ50TT-20-100100,50 ohm impedance microstrip transmission lines,50 ohm microstrip
transmission lines,microstrip transmission lines,transmission lines,50 ohm microstrip,50 ohm transmission line,50 ohm
lines,microstrip,transission line,S parameters,Low return loss,50 ohm impedance,alumina,ceramic,microwave,system on
chip,chip and wire,hybrid circuit USMZ50TT-20-100050 - TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils
thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 50 mils length - Low return loss optimised up to 50GHz, Z50 50 ohm impedance microstrip
transmission lines on 20 mils Al2O3 alumina ceramic substrate manufactured by US Microwaves USMZ50TT-20-100050,50 ohm
impedance microstrip transmission lines,50 ohm microstrip transmission lines,microstrip transmission lines,transmission
lines,50 ohm microstrip,50 ohm transmission line,50 ohm lines,microstrip,transission line,S parameters,Low return
loss,50 ohm impedance,alumina,ceramic,microwave,system on chip,chip and wire,hybrid circuit US MICROWAVES TUNABLE 2T
Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 50 mils length Advanced Microwave
Components USMZ50TT-20-100050 FEATURES APPLICATIONS 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINE Low insertion loss High
reliability and ruggedness Available in different ceramic thickness and overall sizes. Engineering Lab Kits available
Custom Z50 sizes available upon request. Most microwave applications use 50 ohm microstrip transmission lines as basic
building block. TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 50 mils
length USMZ50TT-20-100050-WP USMZ50TT-20-100050 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND SHORT
APPLICATION NOTE 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines are widely used in the microwave integrated circuits from hybrids to
monolithics. The microstrip transmission line is composed of a thin conducting metal strip of width Wo, thickness T and
length L placed on a nonmagnetic dielectric substrate that is in turn placed on a conducting metal ground-plane. The
substrate has thickness T and relative permittivity εr. Above the conducting strip is a second dielectric material,
air. The advantages of using the microstrip transmission line is that it is well suited for the printed circuit (PCB)
fabrication process, and because the strip conductor is exposed on the top side, component mounting is relatively easy.
USMZ50TT-20-100050 50 ohm microstrip transmission lines are basic building blocks designed to be used in chip and wire
microwave hybrid circuits. 50 ohms microstrip transmission lines are available in different alumina ceramic thicknesses
and different widths and lengths. 50 ohm microstrip transmission lines offer the designer complete flexibility and
repeatability for the most challenging RF and microwave applications. TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION: SEMICONDUCTOR - THIN FILM
MANUFACTURING All thin film microwave products are manufactured using advanced semiconductors and thin film
technologies including ultra-stable and self passivating Tantalum Nitride resistors, gold interconnect metallization
and reliable MNOS capacitors to achieve excellent uniformity, performance and reliability. Thin film technology is the
preferred solution for all applications that require low noise, long term stability and excellent performance at very
high frequencies. US Microwaves employs proprietary thin film technologies for deposition of a wide range of resistive
films with sheet resistance films from 1Ω/sq to 10,000Ω/sq. All US Microwaves products are available in die form and
are ideal for high reliability hybrid and multi chip module applications. USMZ50TT-20-100050 50Ω MICROSTRIP
TRANSMISSION LINES ELECTRICAL/MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER VALUE UNITS Impedance 50 Ω Transmission Line width
W0 19.2 mils Width 100 mils Length 50 mils Thickness 20 mils Operating Temperature Range -55 to +125 °C ONLY Proper die
handling equipment and procedures should be employed. Stresses beyond listed absolute maximum ratings may cause
permanent damage to the device. USMZ50TT-20-100050 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES GENERAL DIE INFORMATION Substrate
Thickness [mils] Size LxW [mils] Top Conductor Backside metal Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide 20 50x100±2 Standard 3µm thick,
99.99% electroplated gold with a TiW barrier Backside of the die is metallized with standard TiW/Au compatible with
Au-Ge or silver filled conductive epoxy. Custom metallization is available for special orders. layout for TUNABLE 2T
Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 50 mils length USMZ50TT-20-100050-WP
All US Microwaves 50Ω microstrip transmission lines products are available in die form. Typical delivery for die
products is 2-3 weeks ARO. For Custom designs, delivery is 3-4 weeks ARO. Certain items may be available from stock.
Inventory is periodically updated. All devices for chip and wire applications are 100% tested, visual inspected and
shipped in waffle packs (WP). USMZ50TT-20-100050 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES RETURN LOSS S-PARAMETERS FOR
DIFFERENT LINE LENGTH TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 50
mils length USMZ50TT-20-100050-WP CLICK TO ENLARGE S-PARAMETERS CARTESIAN PLOT CLICK TO VIEW SMITH CHART PLOT 50Ω
MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES STANDARD PRODUCTS ORDERING INFORMATION 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES STANDARD
PRODUCTS PRICE LIST THICKNESS [mils] WIDTH [mils] LENGTH [mils] US MICROWAVES PART NUMBER WAFFLE PACKS MINIM ORDER QTY
U/P [$] 20 100 50 USMZ50TT-20-100050-WP -WP 99 $3.82 USMZ50TT-20-100050 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES: Products
sold for space, military or medical applications, element evaluation and/or level K or S qualification are subject to
minimum order levels to be established on a case by case basis. For any special applications, die level KGD
qualification requirements, different packaging or custom configurations, contact sales department.
USMZ50TT-20-100050-WP 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES INSTANT QUOTE US Microwaves P/N Quantity E-mail ORDERING: 50Ω
Microstrip transmission lines may be ordered on line HERE. A copy of the order along with an order confirmation receipt
is issued instantly for all orders placed on line. On line Orders have to be verified, accepted and acknowledged by US
Microwaves sales department in writing before, becoming non cancelable binding contracts. DELIVERY: Typical delivery
for 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines products packaged in waffle packs is 2-4 weeks ARO. For 50Ω Microstrip
transmission lines Custom designs, delivery is 3-5 weeks ARO. Certain items may be available from stock with delivery
up to 1 week. SHIPPING/PACKAGING: All 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines devices for chip and wire applications are 100%
tested, visual inspected and shipped in waffle packs (WP). For larger orders,>10k pc, devices can be shipped on film
frame. For smaller quantities, it may vary. For high volume automated assembly, 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines
devices may be supplied as 4" wafers 100% tested, inked and diced on expanded film frame (FF). SAMPLES: Samples of 50Ω
Microstrip transmission lines are available only for customers that have issued firm orders pending qualification of
product in a particular application. GUARANTEED SUPPLY! US Microwaves guarantees continuous supply and availability of
all 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines standard products provided minimum order quantities are met. U.S. Microwaves has
made every effort to have this information as accurate as possible. However, no responsibility is assumed by U.S.
Microwaves for its use, nor for any infringements of rights of third parties which may result from its use. U.S.
Microwaves reserves the right to revise the content or modify its product line without prior notice. U.S. Microwaves
products are not authorized for and should not be used within support systems which are intended for surgical implants
into the body, to support or sustain life, in aircraft, space equipment, submarine, or nuclear facility applications
without the specific written consent of U.S. Microwaves. Home Product Tree Tech. Support PDF Request Quote Inventory
Place Order Contact sales Last updated: US MICROWAVES www.semiconix-semiconductor.com Tel:(408)986-8026
Fax:(408)986-8027 ©1990- US MICROWAVES All rights reserved. No material from this site may be used or reproduced
without permission. US MICROWAVES TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils
width, 100 mils length Advanced Microwave Components USMZ50TT-20-100100 FEATURES APPLICATIONS 50Ω MICROSTRIP
TRANSMISSION LINE Low insertion loss High reliability and ruggedness Available in different ceramic thickness and
overall sizes. Engineering Lab Kits available Custom Z50 sizes available upon request. Most microwave applications use
50 ohm microstrip transmission lines as basic building block. TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20
mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 100 mils length USMZ50TT-20-100100-WP USMZ50TT-20-100100 50Ω MICROSTRIP
TRANSMISSION LINES PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND SHORT APPLICATION NOTE 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines are widely used in
the microwave integrated circuits from hybrids to monolithics. The microstrip transmission line is composed of a thin
conducting metal strip of width Wo, thickness T and length L placed on a nonmagnetic dielectric substrate that is in
turn placed on a conducting metal ground-plane. The substrate has thickness T and relative permittivity εr. Above the
conducting strip is a second dielectric material, air. The advantages of using the microstrip transmission line is that
it is well suited for the printed circuit (PCB) fabrication process, and because the strip conductor is exposed on the
top side, component mounting is relatively easy. USMZ50TT-20-100100 50 ohm microstrip transmission lines are basic
building blocks designed to be used in chip and wire microwave hybrid circuits. 50 ohms microstrip transmission lines
are available in different alumina ceramic thicknesses and different widths and lengths. 50 ohm microstrip transmission
lines offer the designer complete flexibility and repeatability for the most challenging RF and microwave applications.
TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION: SEMICONDUCTOR - THIN FILM MANUFACTURING All thin film microwave products are manufactured using
advanced semiconductors and thin film technologies including ultra-stable and self passivating Tantalum Nitride
resistors, gold interconnect metallization and reliable MNOS capacitors to achieve excellent uniformity, performance
and reliability. Thin film technology is the preferred solution for all applications that require low noise, long term
stability and excellent performance at very high frequencies. US Microwaves employs proprietary thin film technologies
for deposition of a wide range of resistive films with sheet resistance films from 1Ω/sq to 10,000Ω/sq. All US
Microwaves products are available in die form and are ideal for high reliability hybrid and multi chip module
applications. USMZ50TT-20-100100 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES ELECTRICAL/MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER
VALUE UNITS Impedance 50 Ω Transmission Line width W0 19.2 mils Width 100 mils Length 100 mils Thickness 20 mils
Operating Temperature Range -55 to +125 °C ONLY Proper die handling equipment and procedures should be employed.
Stresses beyond listed absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. USMZ50TT-20-100100 50Ω
MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES GENERAL DIE INFORMATION Substrate Thickness [mils] Size LxW [mils] Top Conductor Backside
metal Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide 20 100x100±2 Standard 3µm thick, 99.99% electroplated gold with a TiW barrier Backside of
the die is metallized with standard TiW/Au compatible with Au-Ge or silver filled conductive epoxy. Custom
metallization is available for special orders. layout for TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils
thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 100 mils length USMZ50TT-20-100100-WP All US Microwaves 50Ω microstrip transmission
lines products are available in die form. Typical delivery for die products is 2-3 weeks ARO. For Custom designs,
delivery is 3-4 weeks ARO. Certain items may be available from stock. Inventory is periodically updated. All devices
for chip and wire applications are 100% tested, visual inspected and shipped in waffle packs (WP). USMZ50TT-20-100100
50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES RETURN LOSS S-PARAMETERS FOR DIFFERENT LINE LENGTH TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip
transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 100 mils length USMZ50TT-20-100100-WP CLICK TO ENLARGE
S-PARAMETERS CARTESIAN PLOT CLICK TO VIEW SMITH CHART PLOT 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES STANDARD PRODUCTS ORDERING
INFORMATION 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES STANDARD PRODUCTS PRICE LIST THICKNESS [mils] WIDTH [mils] LENGTH [mils]
US MICROWAVES PART NUMBER WAFFLE PACKS MINIM ORDER QTY U/P [$] 20 100 100 USMZ50TT-20-100100-WP -WP 59 $6.46
USMZ50TT-20-100100 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES: Products sold for space, military or medical applications,
element evaluation and/or level K or S qualification are subject to minimum order levels to be established on a case by
case basis. For any special applications, die level KGD qualification requirements, different packaging or custom
configurations, contact sales department. USMZ50TT-20-100100-WP 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES INSTANT QUOTE US
Microwaves P/N Quantity E-mail ORDERING: 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines may be ordered on line HERE. A copy of the
order along with an order confirmation receipt is issued instantly for all orders placed on line. On line Orders have
to be verified, accepted and acknowledged by US Microwaves sales department in writing before, becoming non cancelable
binding contracts. DELIVERY: Typical delivery for 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines products packaged in waffle packs
is 2-4 weeks ARO. For 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines Custom designs, delivery is 3-5 weeks ARO. Certain items may be
available from stock with delivery up to 1 week. SHIPPING/PACKAGING: All 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines devices for
chip and wire applications are 100% tested, visual inspected and shipped in waffle packs (WP). For larger orders,>10k
pc, devices can be shipped on film frame. For smaller quantities, it may vary. For high volume automated assembly, 50Ω
Microstrip transmission lines devices may be supplied as 4" wafers 100% tested, inked and diced on expanded film frame
(FF). SAMPLES: Samples of 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines are available only for customers that have issued firm
orders pending qualification of product in a particular application. GUARANTEED SUPPLY! US Microwaves guarantees
continuous supply and availability of all 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines standard products provided minimum order
quantities are met. U.S. Microwaves has made every effort to have this information as accurate as possible. However, no
responsibility is assumed by U.S. Microwaves for its use, nor for any infringements of rights of third parties which
may result from its use. U.S. Microwaves reserves the right to revise the content or modify its product line without
prior notice. U.S. Microwaves products are not authorized for and should not be used within support systems which are
intended for surgical implants into the body, to support or sustain life, in aircraft, space equipment, submarine, or
nuclear facility applications without the specific written consent of U.S. Microwaves. Home Product Tree Tech. Support
PDF Request Quote Inventory Place Order Contact sales Last updated: US MICROWAVES www.semiconix-semiconductor.com Tel:(408)986-8026 Fax:(408)986-8027 ©1990- US MICROWAVES All rights reserved. No material from this site
may be used or reproduced without permission. US MICROWAVES TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20
mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 150 mils length Advanced Microwave Components USMZ50TT-20-100150 FEATURES
APPLICATIONS 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINE Low insertion loss High reliability and ruggedness Available in different
ceramic thickness and overall sizes. Engineering Lab Kits available Custom Z50 sizes available upon request. Most
microwave applications use 50 ohm microstrip transmission lines as basic building block. TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms
Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 150 mils length USMZ50TT-20-100150-WP
USMZ50TT-20-100150 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND SHORT APPLICATION NOTE 50Ω Microstrip
transmission lines are widely used in the microwave integrated circuits from hybrids to monolithics. The microstrip
transmission line is composed of a thin conducting metal strip of width Wo, thickness T and length L placed on a
nonmagnetic dielectric substrate that is in turn placed on a conducting metal ground-plane. The substrate has thickness
T and relative permittivity εr. Above the conducting strip is a second dielectric material, air. The advantages of
using the microstrip transmission line is that it is well suited for the printed circuit (PCB) fabrication process, and
because the strip conductor is exposed on the top side, component mounting is relatively easy. USMZ50TT-20-100150 50
ohm microstrip transmission lines are basic building blocks designed to be used in chip and wire microwave hybrid
circuits. 50 ohms microstrip transmission lines are available in different alumina ceramic thicknesses and different
widths and lengths. 50 ohm microstrip transmission lines offer the designer complete flexibility and repeatability for
the most challenging RF and microwave applications. TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION: SEMICONDUCTOR - THIN FILM MANUFACTURING All
thin film microwave products are manufactured using advanced semiconductors and thin film technologies including
ultra-stable and self passivating Tantalum Nitride resistors, gold interconnect metallization and reliable MNOS
capacitors to achieve excellent uniformity, performance and reliability. Thin film technology is the preferred solution
for all applications that require low noise, long term stability and excellent performance at very high frequencies. US
Microwaves employs proprietary thin film technologies for deposition of a wide range of resistive films with sheet
resistance films from 1Ω/sq to 10,000Ω/sq. All US Microwaves products are available in die form and are ideal for high
reliability hybrid and multi chip module applications. USMZ50TT-20-100150 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES
ELECTRICAL/MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER VALUE UNITS Impedance 50 Ω Transmission Line width W0 19.2 mils Width
100 mils Length 150 mils Thickness 20 mils Operating Temperature Range -55 to +125 °C ONLY Proper die handling
equipment and procedures should be employed. Stresses beyond listed absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage
to the device. USMZ50TT-20-100150 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES GENERAL DIE INFORMATION Substrate Thickness [mils]
Size LxW [mils] Top Conductor Backside metal Al2O3 Aluminum Oxide 20 150x100±2 Standard 3µm thick, 99.99% electroplated
gold with a TiW barrier Backside of the die is metallized with standard TiW/Au compatible with Au-Ge or silver filled
conductive epoxy. Custom metallization is available for special orders. layout for TUNABLE 2T Z50 50Ohms Microstrip
transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 150 mils length USMZ50TT-20-100150-WP All US Microwaves 50Ω
microstrip transmission lines products are available in die form. Typical delivery for die products is 2-3 weeks ARO.
For Custom designs, delivery is 3-4 weeks ARO. Certain items may be available from stock. Inventory is periodically
updated. All devices for chip and wire applications are 100% tested, visual inspected and shipped in waffle packs (WP).
USMZ50TT-20-100150 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES RETURN LOSS S-PARAMETERS FOR DIFFERENT LINE LENGTH TUNABLE 2T Z50
50Ohms Microstrip transmission lines, 20 mils thick ceramic, 100 mils width, 150 mils length USMZ50TT-20-100150-WP
CLICK TO ENLARGE S-PARAMETERS CARTESIAN PLOT CLICK TO VIEW SMITH CHART PLOT 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES STANDARD
PRODUCTS ORDERING INFORMATION 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES STANDARD PRODUCTS PRICE LIST THICKNESS [mils] WIDTH
[mils] LENGTH [mils] US MICROWAVES PART NUMBER WAFFLE PACKS MINIM ORDER QTY U/P [$] 20 100 150 USMZ50TT-20-100150-WP
-WP 43 $8.93 USMZ50TT-20-100150 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES: Products sold for space, military or medical
applications, element evaluation and/or level K or S qualification are subject to minimum order levels to be
established on a case by case basis. For any special applications, die level KGD qualification requirements, different
packaging or custom configurations, contact sales department. USMZ50TT-20-100150-WP 50Ω MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES
INSTANT QUOTE US Microwaves P/N Quantity E-mail ORDERING: 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines may be ordered on line
HERE. A copy of the order along with an order confirmation receipt is issued instantly for all orders placed on line.
On line Orders have to be verified, accepted and acknowledged by US Microwaves sales department in writing before,
becoming non cancelable binding contracts. DELIVERY: Typical delivery for 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines products
packaged in waffle packs is 2-4 weeks ARO. For 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines Custom designs, delivery is 3-5 weeks
ARO. Certain items may be available from stock with delivery up to 1 week. SHIPPING/PACKAGING: All 50Ω Microstrip
transmission lines devices for chip and wire applications are 100% tested, visual inspected and shipped in waffle packs
(WP). For larger orders,>10k pc, devices can be shipped on film frame. For smaller quantities, it may vary. For high
volume automated assembly, 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines devices may be supplied as 4" wafers 100% tested, inked
and diced on expanded film frame (FF). SAMPLES: Samples of 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines are available only for
customers that have issued firm orders pending qualification of product in a particular application. GUARANTEED SUPPLY!
US Microwaves guarantees continuous supply and availability of all 50Ω Microstrip transmission lines standard products
provided minimum order quantities are met. U.S. Microwaves has made every effort to have this information as accurate
as possible. However, no responsibility is assumed by U.S. Microwaves for its use, nor for any infringements of rights
of third parties which may result from its use. U.S. Microwaves reserves the right to revise the content or modify its
product line without prior notice. U.S. Microwaves products are not authorized for and should not be used within
support systems which are intended for surgical implants into the body, to support or sustain life, in aircraft, space
equipment, submarine, or nuclear facility applications without the specific written consent of U.S. Microwaves. Home
Product Tree Tech. Support PDF Request Quote Inventory Place Order Contact sales Last updated: US MICROWAVES www.semiconix-semiconductor.com Tel:(408)986-8026 Fax:(408)986-8027 ©1990- US MICROWAVES All rights reserved. No
material from this site may be used or reproduced without permission.
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